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KMID : 1190720070120010005
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Chonnam Journal of Nursing Science
2007 Volume.12 No. 1 p.5 ~ p.5
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A Study on Self esteem, Health condition, and Life satisfaction according to living arrangement in the Elderly
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Hwang Hee-Won
Park Oh-Jang
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Abstract
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As nuclear family becomes a dominant family structure in our society, the way people look at supporting senior citizens are changing. In the past, it's traditional practice to live with the oldest son, but elderly people now increasingly dwell with children other than the oldest son under the same roof, and many senior citizens live alone or just with their spouses. The purpose of study was to investigate the distribution of elderly living arrangement( whom living with), and to determine the differences of their self-esteem, health condition and life satisfaction according to their living arrangements. The subjects were 210 male and female seniors over 65 years old who were living in the Jeon-ju city. Data were collected by the researcher through the structured questionnares to measure self esteem, health status, and life satisfaction of the elderly from January 10th to February 10th, 2002. The researcher visited five senior centers and one elderly welfare center in J city and explained about the purpose and method of the study to the subjects. data were analyzed with SAS/PC 6.12 program. The frequency and percentage were calculated to look for connections between living arrangement and general characteristics, and ANOVA was employed to find out the differences among the living arrangements of the elderly on self-esteem, health condition and life satisfaction. In case there appeared any significant differences, Duncan test was carried out as post-test. and Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to identify intervariable correlations. The major findings of this study could be summarized as below: 1. Out of the 210 senior citizens investigated, 31 percent, the largest group, lived with their spouses only. The second most largest group was living with married son(29.1%), followed by the group of living alone(21.4%), the group of living with married daughters(10.9%) and the group of living with unmarried offspring(7.6%) in the order named. 2. There were significant differences among self-esteem of the elderly according to living arrangements (F=2.52, P<0.05). The group of living with unmarried offspring showed the highest score of 26.0, followed by the group of living with spouses(25.8), the group of living with married sons(25.0), the group of living with married daughters(24.7) and the living-alone group(24.4) in the order named. The post-test showed that the groups of living with unmarried offspring, spouse only and married sons had significantly better self-esteem than the other groups of living alone or living with married daughters. 3. There were significant differences among health condition of the elderly according to living arrangements(F=9.53, p=.000). The group of living with spouse only was significantly in the best health with 95.3 marks, followed by the group of living with married son(92.9 marks), the group of living with unmarried offspring(89.8), the living-alone group(84.4) and the group of living with married daughters(83.8) in the order named. The post-test suggested that the groups of living with spouses and with married sons were significantly healthier than the other groups of living alone and of living with married daughters. 4. There was no significant difference in life satisfaction of the elderly according to the living arrangement(F=0.03, p=.997). The group of living with married daughters was most satisfied with their lives with 44.5 scores, followed by the group of living with married sons(44.3). The groups of living alone, living with spouses, and living with unmarried offspring were the least in life satisfaction(44.2 respectively). 5. There appeared slight but significantly positive correlations between self-esteem and health condition(r=.1798, p=.009) and between health condition and life satisfaction(r=.1501, p=.029). However, self-esteem wasn't significantly correlated to life satisfaction(r=.0807, p=243). The above-mentioned findings indicated that more than half the elderly people lived alone or just with their spouses, as the groups of living alone and of living with spouses accounted for 52.4 percent. And the groups of living with spouses or with married sons were better in self- esteem and healthier, compared to the groups of living with married daughters and of living alone.
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KEYWORD
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health condition, self-esteem, life satisfaction, living arrangement
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